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| An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic |
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| Author(s): Zhu TF, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM, Ho DD |
| Source: NATURE Volume: 391 Issue: 6667 Pages: 594-597 Published: FEB 5 1998 |
| Times Cited: 170 References: 30 |
| Abstract: There is considerable genetic diversity among viruses of different subtypes (designated A to J) in the major group of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the form of HIV that is dominant in the global epidemic(1-3). If available, HIV-1 sequences pre-dating the recognition of AIDS could be crucial in defining the time of origin and the subsequent evolution of these viruses in humans. The oldest known case of HIV-1 infection was reported to be that of a sailor from Manchester who died of an AIDS-like illness in 1959 (refs 4-6); however, the authenticity of this case has not been confirmed(7,8). Genetic analysis of sequences from clinical materials obtained from 1971 to 1976 from members of a Norwegian family infected earlier than 1971 showed that they carried viruses of the HIV-1 outlier group(9,10), a variant form that is mainly restricted to West Africa(1). Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a 1959 African plasma sample that was previously found to be HIV-1 seropositive(11). Multiple phylogenetic analyses not only authenticate this case as the oldest known HIV-1 infection, but also place its viral sequence near the ancestral node of subtypes B and D in the major group, indicating that these HIV-1 subtypes, and perhaps all major-group viruses, may have evolved from a single introduction into the African population not long before 1959. |
| Document Type: Article |
| Language: English |
| Reprint Address: Ho, DD (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, 455 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA |
Addresses:
1. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
2. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
3. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA
4. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
5. Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Dept Genet, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England |
| Publisher: MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD, PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW |
| Subject Category: Multidisciplinary Sciences |
| IDS Number: YV594 |
| ISSN: 0028-0836 |
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