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| Studies on the dermal and systemic bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic compounds in high viscosity oil products |
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| Author(s): Potter D, Booth ED, Brandt HCA, Loose RW, Priston RAJ, Wright AS, Watson WP |
| Source: ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY Volume: 73 Issue: 3 Pages: 129-140 Published: APR-MAY 1999 |
| Times Cited: 9 References: 26 |
| Abstract: The assessment of skin penetration by viscous oil products is an important element in the risk assessment of these materials where skin contact is likely. Systemic bioavailability (body uptake) is viewed as a good indicator of skin penetration following cutaneous exposures. The results of this study provide quantitative information on the influence of viscosity on the bioavailability of a specific polycyclic aromatic compound (benzo(a)pyrene) in base oils, residual aromatic extracts and bitumens following skin exposures to mice. The materials studied were a base mineral oil (viscosity 32 cSt at 35 degrees C), a 1:1 blend of the mineral base oil and a residual aromatic extract (198 cSt), several residual aromatic extracts (ca. 5000 cSt, 35 degrees C) and a range of bitumens (0.65-69 x 10(6) cSt, 35 degrees C). These were each spiked with 0.1% radiolabelled benzo(a)pyrene, as a representative carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compound, then used for cutaneous exposures to mice. The results indicate that as viscosity increased in the range ca. 30 to 5000 cSt (base oil to residual aromatic extract) the uptake of the radiolabelled benzo(a)pyrene into blood was reduced by ca. fivefold. Further increases in viscosity from ca. 5000 to 69 x 10(6) cSt (i.e. residual aromatic extract to bitumen) resulted in a further but smaller (ca. twofold) reduction in uptake. The relationship between the amounts of free benzo(a)pyrene measured in blood and viscosity showed the same trend. This trend was also mirrored by the degree of binding of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites to DNA in skin. The findings in mouse skin in vivo indicate that viscosity can significantly affect skin penetration and systemic bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic compound components of oil products. Results obtained with viable human skin in vitro also showed that the bioavailability of benzo(a)pyrene was reduced by the viscosity of the oil product matrix. It is thus necessary to take account of physical properties such as viscosity in the overall risk assessment of viscous oil products, particularly in the case of very viscous materials such as bitumens. The significantly reduced bioavailability of hazardous compounds from undiluted materials is thus an important factor to consider when assessing the risks from dermal exposures. |
| Document Type: Article |
| Language: English |
| Reprint Address: Watson, WP (reprint author), Shell Int Chem BV, Shell Res & Technol Ctr, POB 38000, NL-1030 BN Amsterdam, Netherlands |
Addresses:
1. Shell Int Chem BV, Shell Res & Technol Ctr, NL-1030 BN Amsterdam, Netherlands
2. Shell Int Oil Prod BV, Shell Res & Technol Ctr, NL-1030 BN Amsterdam, Netherlands
3. Shell Res Ltd, Sittingbourne Res Ctr, Sittingbourne ME9 8AG, Kent England
4. Shell Chem Ltd, Shell Ctr, London SE1, England |
| Publisher: SPRINGER VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA |
| Subject Category: Toxicology |
| IDS Number: 206XE |
| ISSN: 0340-5761 |
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| | | | | | | | | Record from Web of Science® | | | | | | | | | |