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| Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies |
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| Author(s): Key TJ, Fraser GE, Thorogood M, Appleby PN, Beral V, Reeves G, Burr ML, Chang-Claude J, Frentzel-Beyme R, Kuzma JW, Mann J, McPherson K |
| Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION Volume: 70 Issue: 3 Pages: 516S-524S Supplement: Suppl. S Published: SEP 1999 |
| Times Cited: 123 References: 33 |
| Abstract: We combined data from 5 prospective studies to compare the death rates from common diseases of vegetarians with those of nonvegetarians with similar lifestyles. A summary of these results was reported previously; we report here more details of the findings. Data for 76172 men and women were available. Vegetarians were those who did not eat any meat or fish (n = 27808). Death rate ratios at ages 16-89 y were calculated by Poisson regression and all results were adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates of effect for all studies combined. There were 8330 deaths after a mean of 10.6 y of follow-up. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was 24% lower in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians (death rate ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.94; P < 0.01). The lower mortality from ischemic heart disease among vegetarians was greater at younger ages and was restricted to those who had followed their current diet for >5 y. Further categorization of diets showed that, in comparison with regular meat eaters, mortality from ischemic heart disease was 20% lower in occasional meat eaters, 34% lower in people who ate fish but not meat, 34% lower in lactoovovegetarians, and 26% lower in vegans. There were no significant differences between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in mortality from cerebrovascular disease, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, or all other causes combined. |
| Document Type: Proceedings Paper |
| Language: English |
| Reprint Address: Key, TJ (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England |
Addresses:
1. Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England
2. Loma Linda Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
3. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
4. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, London WC1, England
5. Univ Wales, Coll Med, Ctr Appl Publ Hlth Med, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam Wales
6. Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Epidemiol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany
7. Bremer Inst Pravent Forsch & Sozialmed, Bremen, Germany
8. Univ Otago, Dept Human Nutr, Dunedin, New Zealand |
| Publisher: AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA |
| Subject Category: Nutrition & Dietetics |
| IDS Number: 233DU |
| ISSN: 0002-9165 |
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