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| Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins |
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| Author(s): Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Petkova-Bocharova T, Chernozemsky IN, Castegnaro M |
| Source: FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 282-302 Published: MAR 2002 |
| Times Cited: 117 References: 233 |
| Abstract: A series of publications in the 1950s described a kidney disease in Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia and Romania that became known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The disease was qualified by World Health Organisation (WHO) experts as 'progressive and very gradually developing renal failure with insidious onset.... The last stage shows marked fibrosis...'. BEN is characterized by tubular degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of glomeruli accompanied by enzymuria and impaired renal function without nephrotic syndrome. Later, an association between BEN and tumours of the kidney pelvis and ureter was recognized, so that the problem of BEN became not only nephrological, but also oncological. There may also be an association with increased urinary bladder cancer incidence, although many confounding factors may interfere in the analysis of data for this organ. In view of the very intimate association between BEN and the urinary tract tumours (UTT), the term 'endemic uropathy' has been proposed. Several hypothesis concerning the aetiology of these diseases has been investigated, which include: predisposing genes factors, environmental factors (heavy metals, minerals, bacteria, leptospira, viruses, fungal toxins and, most recently, pliocene lignites). This paper reviews the different hypotheses about the aetiology of endemic uropathy and pays particular attention to the role of fungal toxins. |
| Document Type: Review |
| Language: English |
| Reprint Address: Castegnaro, M (reprint author), Les Collanges, F-07240 St Jean Chambre, France |
Addresses:
1. Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, Lab Toxicol & Secur Alimentaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
2. Inst Oncol, Sofia 1156, Bulgaria
3. Ctr Int Rech Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France |
| Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND |
| Subject Category: Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology |
| IDS Number: 514PX |
| ISSN: 0265-203X |
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