| | |  | | | | Record from Web of Science® | | | | | | |
| CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects |
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| Author(s): Krieg AM |
| Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY Volume: 20 Pages: 709-760 Published: 2002 |
| Times Cited: 1,102 References: 300 |
| Abstract: Unmethylated CpG motifs are prevalent in bacterial but not vertebrate genomic DNAs. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate host defense mechanisms leading to innate and acquired immune responses. The recognition of CpG motifs requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which triggers alterations in cellular redox balance and the induction of cell signaling pathways including the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NFkappaB. Cells that express TLR-9, which include plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and B cells, produce Th1-like proinflammatory cytokines, interferons, and chemokines. Certain CpG motifs (CpG-A) are especially potent at activating NK cells and inducing IFN-alpha production by PDCs, while other motifs (CpG-B) are especially potent B cell activators. CpG-induced activation of innate immunity protects against lethal challenge with a wide variety of pathogens, and has therapeutic activity in murine models of cancer and allergy. CpG ODN also enhance the development of acquired immune responses for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination. |
| Document Type: Review |
| Language: English |
| Reprint Address: Krieg, AM (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA |
Addresses:
1. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
2. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
3. Coley Pharmaceut Grp, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA |
| Publisher: ANNUAL REVIEWS, 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA |
| Subject Category: Immunology |
| IDS Number: 541XV |
| ISSN: 0732-0582 |
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| | | | | | | | | Record from Web of Science® | | | | | | | | | |