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| CYTOKINE EXPRESSION OF MACROPHAGES IN HIV-1-ASSOCIATED VACUOLAR MYELOPATHY |
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| Author(s): TYOR WR, GLASS JD, BAUMRIND N, MCARTHUR JC, GRIFFIN JW, BECKER PS, GRIFFIN DE |
| Source: NEUROLOGY Volume: 43 Issue: 5 Pages: 1002-1009 Published: MAY 1993 |
| Times Cited: 80 References: 40 |
| Abstract: Macrophages are frequently present within the periaxonal and intramyelinic vacuoles that are located primarily in the posterior and lateral funiculi of the thoracic spinal cord in HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy. But the role of these macrophages in the formation of the vacuoles is unclear. One hypothesis is that cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, are produced locally by macrophages and have toxic effects on myelin or oligodendrocytes. The resulting myelin damage eventually culminates in the removal of myelin by macrophages and vacuole formation. We studied thoracic spinal cord specimens taken at autopsy from HIV-positive (+) and HIV-negative individuals. The predominant mononuclear cells present in HIV+ spinal cords are macrophages. They are located primarily in the posterior and lateral funiculi regardless of the presence or absence of vacuolar myelopathy. Macrophages and microglia are more frequent in HIV+ than HIV-negative individuals and these cells frequently stain for class I and class II antigens, IL-1, and TNF-alpha. Activated macrophages positive for IL-1 and TNF-alpha are greatly increased in the posterior and lateral funiculi of HIV+ individuals with and without vacuolar myelopathy, suggesting they are present prior to the development of vacuoles. Cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, may be toxic for myelin or oligodendrocytes, leading to myelin damage and removal by macrophages and vacuole formation. |
| Document Type: Article |
| Language: English |
Addresses:
1. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA
2. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT NEUROL, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA
3. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA
4. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, SCH HYG, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA |
| Publisher: LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL, 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 |
| Subject Category: Clinical Neurology |
| IDS Number: LC363 |
| ISSN: 0028-3878 |
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