Patients and Methods: Fifty-six patients with high-risk neuroblastoma underwent BMT at investigator and parent option if they did not have progressive disease after induction chemotherapy with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and eloposide. After surgery and local radiation to residual tumor, myeloablative therapy consisting of etoposide, melphalan, cisplatin, and TBI was given followed by BMT. Patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible siblings received allogeneic bone marrow (n = 20), The remaining patients (n = 36) received autologous bone marrow that had undergone multimodality purging and had no remaining detectable rumor cells by immunocytology.

Results: Four of 20 allogeneic patients had a treatment-related death, compared with three of 36 autologous patients (P = .21). The relapse rate among allogeneic BMT patients was 69%, compared with 46% for autologous BMT patients (P = .14). The estimated PFS rates 4 years after BMT were 25% for allogeneic BMT patients and 49% for autologous BMT patients (P = .051).

Conclusion: Overall outcome for patients with neuroblastoma given this same induction therapy followed by autologous purged marrow was similar to that with allogeneic marrow, although bias in patient selection cannot be excluded in a nonrandomized comparison.