Patients and Methods: Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used to detect the gene fusions in 34 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively and compared with the molecular results,

Results: The PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR gene fusions were present in tumors from 18 and 16 patients, respectively, The group with a PAX7-FKHR fusion was younger (P = .01) and presented more often with an extremity lesion (82% v 22%; P = .001), PAX7-FKHR tumors were more often localized than PAX3-FKHR tumors (P = .03), In patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis, the patterns were different: PAX7-FKHR patients had metastatic disease that involved only bone (n = 2) and distant nodes (n = 2), while the PAX3-FKHR group had multiple sites involved, including bone (n = 7), marrow (n = 7), lungs (n =, 3), distant nodes (n = 2), skin (n = 1), and brain (n = 1). No significant difference in relapse rate was observed. A trend toward improved overall survival in the PAX7-FKHR group was noted (P = .09), Event-free survival for this PAX7-FKHR group was significantly longer (P = .04),

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the common PAX3-FKHR and the variant PAX7-FKHR fusions are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. Identification of fusion gene status may be a useful diagnostic tool in rhabdomyosarcoma. (C) 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.