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| Role of the Dlx homeobox genes in proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches: Mutations of Dlx-1, Dlx-2, and Dlx-1 and -2 alter morphogenesis of proximal skeletal and soft tissue structures derived from the first and second arches |
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| Author(s): Qiu MS, Bulfone A, Ghattas I, Meneses JJ, Christensen L, Sharpe PT, Presley R, Pedersen RA, Rubenstein JLR |
| Source: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Volume: 185 Issue: 2 Pages: 165-184 Published: MAY 15 1997 |
| Times Cited: 250 References: 74 |
| Abstract: The Dir homeobox gene family is expressed in a complex pattern within the embryonic craniofacial ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. A previous study established that Dlx-2 is essential for development of proximal regions of the murine first and second branchial arches. Here we describe the craniofacial phenotype of mice with mutations in Dlx-1 and Dlx-1 and -2. The skeletal and soft tissue analyses of mice with Dlx-1 and Dlx-1 and -2 mutations provide additional evidence that the Dir genes regulate proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches. This analysis also elucidates distinct and overlapping roles for Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 in craniofacial development. furthermore, mice lacking both Dlx-1 and -2 have unique abnormalities, including the absence of maxillary molars. Dlx-1 and -2 are expressed in the proximal and distal first and second arches, yet only the proximal regions are abnormal. The nested expression patterns of Dlx-1, -2, -3, -5, and -6 provide evidence for a model that predicts the region-specific requirements for each gene. Finally, the Dlx-2 and Dlx-1 and -2 mutants have ectopic skull components that resemble bones and cartilages found in phylogenetically more primitive vertebrates. (C) 1997 Academic Press. |
| Document Type: Article |
| Language: English |
Addresses:
1. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT PSYCHIAT, CTR NEUROBIOL & PSYCHIAT, NINA IRELAND LAB DEV NEUROBIOL, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA
2. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, PROGRAM NEUROSCI, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA
3. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, PROGRAM DEV BIOL, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA
4. UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF, ANAT UNIT, CARDIFF CF1 3NS, S GLAM WALES
5. UNIV LONDON, GUYS HOSP, DEPT CRANIOFACIAL DEV, LONDON, ENGLAND
6. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI, REPROD GENET DIV, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA |
| Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 |
| Subject Category: Developmental Biology |
| IDS Number: XC181 |
| ISSN: 0012-1606 |
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